The boiler burner is a core auxiliary equipment of oil-fired and gas-fired boilers, primarily responsible for mixing and igniting fuel with air to convert it into heat energy. It is mainly divided into oil burners, gas burners, and dual-fuel burners. The oil-fired type includes light oil (diesel) and heavy oil, while the gas-fired type includes natural gas, coal gas, liquefied gas, etc;

Core Components and Operating Principle As a highly automated mechatronic device, the stable operation of a boiler burner relies on the coordinated work of five major systems. ‌

Air supply system: Its function is to supply air with a certain wind speed and volume to the combustion chamber. The main components include the housing, fan motor, fan impeller, and damper controller. ‌

Ignition system: responsible for igniting the mixture of air and fuel. The core components include an ignition transformer, an ignition electrode, and an electric spark high-voltage cable. The flame shape can be designed as required. ‌

Monitoring system: To ensure the safe and stable operation of the burner, it is equipped with flame monitors, pressure monitors, temperature monitors, etc. Once an abnormality is detected, a safety alarm will be triggered. ‌

Fuel system: Ensures the supply of fuel required for combustion. For fuel-oil systems, it includes fuel pipes, fuel pumps, nozzles, and preheaters. For gas systems, it involves filters, pressure regulators, and solenoid valve groups. ‌

Electronic control system: Serving as the command and liaison center, the primary control component is a program controller (such as the LFL, LAL series), responsible for coordinating the operation of various systems according to programmed steps. ‌

The workflow is usually as follows: After connecting the power supply, the motor starts. After a pre-blowing process, the solenoid valve opens to spray fuel, and the ignition electrode generates an electric spark to ignite. The flame detector confirms the flame and enters a locked state. If ignition fails, the program is cut off and an alarm is given. ‌


Classification and Technological Evolution Based on Fuel Type, Combustion Control Methods, and Application Scenarios, burners can be categorized into various types, and the technology is evolving towards environmental friendliness and intelligence. ‌

Classification by fuel type: Fuel burners are divided into light oil (diesel) burners and heavy oil (heavy oil remaining after extracting gasoline and diesel from crude oil) burners. ‌

Gas burner: including natural gas burner, city gas burner, liquefied petroleum gas burner, and biogas burner. ‌

Dual-fuel burner: also known as oil-gas dual-purpose burner, capable of switching between two fuels. ‌

Coal burner: Primarily used in utility boilers, such as swirl burners, direct-flow burners, and dual-register swirl burners. Classified by combustion control method: Single-stage fire, dual-stage fire, and proportional control burners, among which the proportional control burner can automatically adjust the fuel-to-air ratio according to load. ‌

Environmental Protection and Low-Nitrogen Technology: Low-Nitrogen Burner: By utilizing technologies such as staged combustion and flue gas recirculation (FGR), nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions are controlled below 30mg/m³, making it suitable for heating and industrial furnaces. Dual-Register Swirl Burner: Used in utility boilers, it achieves low NOx emissions (which can be below 300mg/Nm³) and high combustion efficiency by adjusting the swirl intensity of both inner and outer secondary air. Industry Standards and Maintenance: Ensuring the safe operation of combustion equipment is crucial, and the establishment of national and industry technical standards serves as a vital basis for safeguarding equipment safety. ‌

Latest Standard Implementation: China's "Commercial Gas Burning Appliances" standard GB35848-2024 will be implemented on August 1, 2024, introducing stricter safety technical requirements for raw materials, structure, and labeling regulations. Maintenance and Precautions: Regular Cleaning: The light diesel oil used must be clean, and the fuel tank and oil filter should be cleaned regularly. The flame detector should be kept clean and must not be exposed to water. ‌

Safety inspection: During maintenance, be sure to cut off the power supply, check whether the connections are secure, and ensure that the use site is away from flammable and explosive materials and equipped with fire-fighting equipment. ‌

Environmental requirements: The operating ambient temperature should not exceed 70℃. In cold regions, insulation measures must be taken for the oil storage device to prevent freezing. ‌